To determine if your website has been hit by a Google penalty, you should first look for any drops in your website's organic traffic or search rankings. If you see a significant decrease, it's likely that your site has been penalized.

To confirm a manual penalty, you can check Google Search Console for any notifications or messages from Google. For algorithmic penalties, you can use tools like SEMrush or Moz to analyze your site's backlink profile and search rankings.